电镀废水处理工艺中的TORAY纳滤膜

ltldxu

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　电镀废水中存在多种致癌、致畸、致突变或剧毒物质<span lang="EN-US">,</span>如重金属离子或氰化物等<span lang="EN-US">,</span>对环境与人类危害极大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>必须加以严格治理。人们开发了许多工艺和方法用于处理电镀废水<span lang="EN-US">,</span>主要有<span lang="EN-US">:</span>化学沉淀、吸附、生物、电解、离子交换和膜分离等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　<span lang="EN-US" style="color:red"><a href="http://www.donglimo.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red"><span lang="EN-US">东丽膜</span></span></a></span>分离、离子交换或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">元件结合工艺在电镀废水的处理应用中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>通常可以实现在线回收<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并且回用水的水质较高。然而<span lang="EN-US">,</span>由于生产规模、镀件基材、镀层材料、电镀工艺、管理控制水平以及电镀场建设历史等诸多较为复杂的原因<span lang="EN-US">,</span>许多现有电镀企业或电镀生产线上实行完全意义上的全循环<span lang="EN-US">(</span>电镀金属和水<span lang="EN-US">)</span>仍然是难以实现的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　因此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>研究开发<span lang="EN-US">TORAY</span>纳滤膜适合于末端处理电镀废水的工艺技术<span lang="EN-US">,</span>最大程度地处理、回用水资源<span lang="EN-US">,</span>实现废水的零排放或微量排放仍然具有实际意义。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　交互平衡式膜分离<span lang="EN-US">-</span>化学沉淀工艺<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　交互平衡式膜分离<span lang="EN-US">-</span>化学沉淀工艺<span lang="EN-US">(IBMS-CP</span>是将</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嵌入化学沉淀过程中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并使化学沉淀和膜过程交互循环并达到动态平衡的工艺过程。在<span lang="EN-US">TORAY</span>纳滤膜元件中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>经化学沉淀处理的废水<span lang="EN-US">,</span>经过多级沉降池去除沉淀后与含有重金属的废水在综合调节池中混合<span lang="EN-US">,</span>再进入膜分离单元进行浓缩分离。视回用水质的要求<span lang="EN-US">,</span>膜分离单元的透过液<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或直接回用<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或经进一步处理而回用。而浓缩液则回到化学沉淀单元进入下一个循环处理过程。一般此处的膜分离单元采用纳滤系统。其原因在于<span lang="EN-US">:</span>纳滤可以较好地截留浓缩二价和高价重金属离子<span lang="EN-US">,</span>同时使一价盐进入透过液<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从而避免一价盐在<span lang="EN-US">IBMS-CP</span>循环过程中的积累。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　由于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对一价盐的透过率将随其浓度上升而增大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在<span lang="EN-US">TORAY</span>纳滤膜元件中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>进入和透出<span lang="EN-US">IBMS-CP</span>系统的一价盐将在其到达某浓度时自动达成动态平衡状态<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从而使一价盐在表观上<span lang="EN-US">“</span>穿过<span lang="EN-US">”IBMS-CP</span>循环。同时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>该过程的产水被<span lang="EN-US">“</span>软化<span lang="EN-US">”,</span>这是<span lang="EN-US">TORAY</span>纳滤膜元件的特点<span lang="EN-US">,</span>也是其能够运行的关键。另外<span lang="EN-US">,</span>由于纳滤过程提高了多价离子的浓度并大幅减少了废水总量<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因此将使化学沉淀设备的容量显著减小且反应沉淀过程更迅速、完全<span lang="EN-US">,TORAY</span>纳滤膜元件是一个使得化学沉淀和膜过程有机结合且相互促进、强化的过程。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　介绍了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的设计思路和工艺路线<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并结合某公司的电镀废水处理和回用项目取得了这一应用领域的实际运行数据<span lang="EN-US">,</span>得出如下结论。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　<span lang="EN-US">1) </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">适用于含重金属的废水处理和<span lang="EN-US">/</span>或回用领域。<span lang="EN-US">TORAY</span>纳滤膜元件运行平稳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>受来水水质波动影响较小<span lang="EN-US">,</span>产水水质稳定<span lang="EN-US">,</span>系统易于控制且易恢复。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　<span lang="EN-US">2) </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt">TORAY</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">纳滤膜</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">与<span lang="EN-US">RO</span>联合应用<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可以使<span lang="EN-US">RO</span>系统在极高的回收率下运行并得到较高的产水水质<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可以实现电镀末端废水的零排放或微量排放。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　<span lang="EN-US">3)</span>处理系统的主要单元均为膜系统<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因此便于实现自动运行<span lang="EN-US">,</span>减少人力需求和劳动强度<span lang="EN-US">,</span>也大大改善了运行环境。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>